Training Needs Assessment For Developing An Effective...

Individual Essay Topic: BUSN 2030: Training and Development Student name: Guangpeng Lu Student number: 2139632 Date: 07/04/2016 Introduction This is an essay for organization recognize there is a necessary of training needs assessment for developing an effective training program. In recently years more and more companies are focus on training, however the effect of training cannot achieve companies’ goal. Most of companies choose lots of unnecessary subject for training and waste money. That result in Training Needs assessment. The judgment process of whether do training or not is training needs assessment (Raymoond, 2007). As an organization, Training need assessment can affect organization analyses of people and identify the gap between current performance and performance required. Needs assessment can improve or correct current performance to performance what organization needs before the training. Conducting needs assessment is a key of success of a training program. The purpose of TNA Needs assessment is a learning or performance gap between current performance and performance required. The performance gap is different between organizational results and organizational goals. Organization ensure that dissatisfaction with current performance and desire performance. To conducting training needs assessment is useful for: †¢ More effective to achieve organization goals †¢ Reduce the gaps between employee performance and the performance required forShow MoreRelatedHrm/326 Employee Development Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesHRM/326 Employee Development Training is an important aspect of all organizations. Although an individual brings to the organization a specific set of skills and knowledge, it is important that these individuals be consistently developed to ensure growth of the employee and the organization. A method to ensure that training programs are successful and are meeting objectives is to conduct assessments. Assessments can help managers and the organization better understand their employees andRead MoreEvaluation Of A Nursing Internship Experience Based On An Educational Program For Wound Assessment And Documentation1451 Words   |  6 Pagesof quality patient care. This paper will describe and summarize graduate nursing practicum experience in developing an educational program for wound assessment and documentation. The nursing practicum is an opportunity for graduate nurse to apply theoretical knowledge and gain experience based on personal goals and learning objectives. It will also include practicum goals, obj ective, program effectiveness, and the practicum contribution to the graduate nurse professional development. AchievementRead MoreDeveloping A Good Training Program Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesDeveloping a good training program does not stop with the completion of the training plan and delivery of the training. In order to ensure the training meets the desired goals there must be a training assessment. To complete a training assessment we must understand why an assessment is crucial to the training program and how the assessment should be included in the ongoing development of the training program. Additionally, we need to understand the difference between cognitive, affective, andRead Moredesign and implement a Pay-for-Performance Incentive Reward Program for all employees, including senior management1233 Words   |  5 Pagesheader should include the Learner’s last name, first initial, course code, dash, and assignment number (DoeJXXX0000-1) justified to the left and the page number justified to the right. Keep a Photocopy or Electronic Copy of Your Assignments: You may need to re-submit assignments if your mentor has indicated that you may or must do so. Academic Integrity: All work submitted in each course must be the Learner’s own. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required byRead MoreTraining Programs : Effective Training Program1548 Words   |  7 PagesEffective Training Programs Training is defined by Webster s Dictionary as, a process by which someone is taught the skills that are needed for an art, profession, or job. (Websters.com). In a professional sense, training refers to a planned effort by a company to facilitate learning of a job-related competencies, knowledge, skills and behaviors by employees. According to ETT Training works, there are several reasons a company has a training program for their employees. To Increase productivityRead MoreEvaluation Of Training And Training1021 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluations of training in any organization is vital to employees as well as employers. However, training usually takes a back seat to more important tasks. 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Needs Assessment Before any training begins, it is absolutely necessary that theRead MoreReflective Journal Sample1190 Words   |  5 Pagesadministration together with training workshops for teachers in my division. The aims are to work toward better quality test practice: using tests for reflection on students’ progress rather than failing or passing students and improving the present test giving practice in weak areas such as validity, reliability, wash back. My reflection on the three testing models is that we should move from the model with mid-term plus final assessment to the model where the assessment process is parallel to theRead More1 Strategic Planning, Learning Theory, and Training Needs Analysis1314 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Assignment 1 Strategic Planning, Learning Theory, and Training Needs Analysis Assignment 1: Strategic Planning, Learning Theory, and Training Needs Analysis KorVina Hunter Professor Robert High BUS 407 December 9, 2011 The analysis phase defines what needs to be trained. Next, an instructional design is crafted to meet this need. Only after the design is complete are the instructional materials developed. During developmentRead MoreTraining Policy : Training And Development1496 Words   |  6 PagesTraining Policy It is Motors and More’s intent that all training that employees receive to †achieve development of skills, knowledge, and abilities will be related to their job duties and development† (Washington State University). Human resources will implement the necessary training programs that will ensure the focus is primarily on individual and organization development. Training shall provide for the following: 1. Establish a system within Motors and More that will ensure funds are provided

The Political Parties During The 20th Century - 2861 Words

The political parties today have undisputed role in the democratic process. Gaining importance throughout the 20th century, they proved to be an instrumental mobilizing device, aiming to involve the majority of the population in the political process for the first time in history. Moisei Ostrogorski was a pioneer in the field with his works comparing the political parties in the US and Britain. In his works he argued that parties are becoming inseparable part of the democratic process within the state â€Å"whenever this life of parties is developed, it focuses the political feelings and the active will of its citizens† (Ostrogorski in Hauge and Harrop:2010). Ostrogorski`s stance on the increasing importance of parties in a democratic state politics proved to be justified – in the countries of Western Europe, where the democratic tradition is strong, mass political parties competed for the votes of ever-increasing electorate. Parties proved to be important even in non- democratic societies – in fascist and socialist states single parties dominated the state, even in certain cases coalesced with it. The 20th century proved to be very important in the party development process. They discarded the image of engagement mainly in capturing the leavers of power and even ruling against the public will and interest. Since then parties have been accepted as a necessary instrument that shapes the collective interest, whose role is explicitly noted in the state constitutions. The topic ofShow MoreRelatedPolitical Party During The 20th Century1411 Words   |  6 Pages the 20th century signifies a large part of American history. The events that occurred during that time period helped mold the United States into the world leader it is today. While the 20th century was dominated by Democratic leaders, the Republican party still had presidential icons such as Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, and Dwight Eisenhower. With the amounts of political pull on bot h sides, it raises the question as to which political party was more successful during the 20th century. AlthoughRead MoreThe Rise Of The 19th Century1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe 19th century contributed to Europe’s history in the form of ideologies. In contrast to the 20th century, there were no wars or acts of violence used to support these ideologies; instead the forces of capitalism drove the history of the 19th century. By this notion, the last time Europe had experienced extreme forms of violence was during the French Revolution, therefore the decades before the 20th century were relatively peaceful. In the summer of 1914, Europe crossed the point of no return withRead MoreEssay about Communism579 Words   |  3 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Communism had one of the greatest political impacts than any other political ideas in the 20th century around the world. What is important and interesting about communism is its background, concept, and why many countries apply to this idea. This essay will generally focus on the background, ideology, and why the countries and political parties applied to this idea. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Communism did not exist until the 18th century. The idea of communism originated from the industrialRead MoreChina, Japan, and the U.S. in the 20th Century1491 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 20th Century During the later half of the 20th century, China and Japan underwent both economic and non-economic reforms that were aided by the influence of the United States. In China, the death of Mao led to the rise of the dark horse candidate Hua Guo Fang, a transitional figure who denounced the Gang of Four. Though only in power for a few years, his last act was to revive Deng Xiaoping’s political office, a man that would do more for China in the next 20 years than the last century combinedRead MoreThe President Is The Supreme Law Of America1050 Words   |  5 PagesIn the political system, the president is the most powerful person in the government who has to make the political decision and be the signature for the foreign countries. To be a leader of the country, the president needs suitable power to work on his duties in the government. The president has different sources of power, constitutional, institutional and political system. The constitution of U.S is the supreme law of America, moreover, it is the first sources that stated the power of the presidentRead MoreCommunism And Its Impact On The World1583 Words   |  7 PagesCommunism is a system of social organisation which formerly consumed almost a third of countries in the entire world, having originated in Russia. The first official communist state was founded during the Russian revolutions in 1917, due to the inaugural communist political party ‘Bolsheviks’ gaining primal power. Afterwards, the influence of communism spread to other countries with the likes of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and East Germany to name a few. These countries that were governed on communistRead More Reconstruction in the 20th Century Essay examples584 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The beginning of the 20th century was a memorable time in history for the United States. This time period drastically changed our country politically and socially by refor m. The Presidents that ruled our country during this era were especially powerful and made many differences, women and African Americans were starting to take a stand, and our country was able to make it all the way through the Great Depression. All of these events that took place in the early 1900sRead MoreThe Concept of Nationalism in the 20th and 21st Century1228 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Nationalism in the 20th and 21st Century: The concept of nationalism is in essence an odd organization that has had significant impacts in world history through shaping the political and social aspects of the society. As an important aspect in the development of the society, the concept of nationalism has basically been analyzed based on its impact on the emergence of nation-states across the globe. In most cases, these analyses have been conducted to determine the influence of nationalism onRead MoreJohn Locke on Liberty and Equality933 Words   |  4 PagesLiberalism is a political philosophy based on the ideas of liberty and equality; it supports the ideas of civil rights, freedom of religion, freedom of press, and free trade. Liberalism traces its origins to the works of John Locke in the seventeenth century and the philosophy of enlightenment in the eighteenth century. Locke wrote that every man has a natural right to life, liberty and property (â€Å"All mankind being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, libertyRead MoreGamal Abdel Nasser1732 Words   |  7 PagesJoshua Jayasinghe Single Party State Under- Gamal Abdel Nasser It is important to first identify the most common definition of a single party state. Single party, or one party states, usually arise during times of crisis. Crisis’s include economic collapse, Military instability, Social and class conflicts and ethnic differences. These conditions allow a single party leader to arise through the creation of a political ideology that provides a solution to one or more of these crisis s. The

Long-Term Damage from the Great Recession in OECD Countries Free Sampl

Question: Provide an Outline of a Research Project that you Intend to use as the Basis for your Final Assessment full Project Proposal. Answer: Brief statement of the problem The global financial crisis as well as great recession that occur from 2008-2009 has a negative impact on various countries. It is analyzed that recession assists in reducing the potential output of the economy. Potential output of the countries fall as recession minimizes capital growth leaves impacts on people who lost their job and disrupt the economic condition of the countries (Ball, 2014). The output of the recession is very much depressed until now and therefore the various authorities of IMF took an initiative for brining recovery in the next five years. Strong hysteresis effects are experienced by many countries, which include shortfall of various actual outputs. The current growths of the countries are less, which helps in suggesting that the intensity of cost-potential is enhancing. Research aim and objective The main aim of the research is to estimate the long-term impacts of global recession in 23 countries. These effects are generally measured by comparing the recent estimation of potential output from IMF and OECD. The paper examines deep recession around the world for finding their impacts. The main objectives of the research include: To estimate OECD of potential output in all the 23 countries for quantifying the long term damage from recession To select the track that potential yield must be followed before financial crisis To compare the pre-crisis trend for estimating potential output as well as for interpreting the various effects of recession. Brief Methodology The research methodology is defined as a procedure, which is utilized in order to collect appropriate data for making proper business related decisions (Blumberg, Cooper Schindler, 2014). The research methodology generally includes research, interviews, surveys as well as other research techniques. Research outline The research methodology is utilized in order to identify various methods that are necessary for the research (Flick, 2015). The methodology generally involves with the damage that generally occurs due to the recession in various OECD countries. The research methodology mainly comprises of research design, data collection procedure, and research philosophy and research approach. Research design is used in order to integrate the different components of the research study in an appropriate way. Research Philosophy Research Philosophy is defined as a method through which data about a procedure is collected as well as analyzed. The research philosophies are mainly of three types, which include positivism, realism as well as interpretivism (Gast Ledford, 2014). The current research paper utilizes positivism as it assists in gathering all the confidential information that is associated with the recession. The paper mainly estimates OECD of potential output in all the 23 countries for quantifying the long-term damage from recession and as a result, positivism is the appropriate research philosophy. Research Approach Research approach is mainly utilized for illustrating the topic properly in order to expose the format, which is required for the research. The research approaches are mainly of two types that are deductive approach as well as inductive research approach (Smith, 2015). In this research paper, deductive approach is most suitable as the research can analyze the problems that are affecting the countries due to recession. Inductive approach of research is not suitable as there is no model, which can be used in the paper for undertaking a literature survey. Research Design The research topic is mainly illustrated with the help of the research design and it further helps in selecting appropriate pattern for analyzing as well as collecting data. The research designs are mainly divided into three types that are descriptive, exploratory as well as explanatory (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). In the current research paper, descriptive design is utilized for illustrating the problems that the various countries are facing due to the global recession as well as financial crisis. The theoretical framework assists in examining the factors as well as appropriate reason behind the cause as well as impacts of recession. Data Collection Procedure Data collection procedure is defined as a method that is mainly used for gathering different types of information on various variables in a quite systematic way (Vaioleti, 2016). The procedure of data collection is divided into two types, which include secondary data collection procedure as well as primary data collection method. Secondary data collection procedure is utilized in this research paper as OECD estimated the potential output by analyzing the long-run trends, capital stock as well as total factor productivity. References Ball, L. (2014). Long-term damage from the Great Recession in OECD countries.European Journal Of Economics And Economic Policies: Intervention,11(2), 149-160. https://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2014.02.02 Blumberg, B. F., Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. (2014).Business research methods. McGraw-hill education. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Gast, D. L., Ledford, J. R. (2014).Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. Routledge. Smith, J.A. ed.(2015).Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Vaioleti, T.M. (2016). Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific research.Waikato Journal of Education,12(1).

Social Background of Renewable Energy Development

Renewable energy has been seen as the best alternative source of energy given the rising cost and scarcity of non- renewable sources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Background of Renewable Energy Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Craddock (2008, p. 23), although some people believe that the development of renewable sources of energy is driven by the economic needs, the social force also plays an important role in increasing popularity of this form of energy. The research by Kemp (2006, p. 37) shows that the social force behind the development of renewable sources of energy is even stronger than the economic one. In this paper, the social background of renewable energy development will be analyzed (Korkin, Krstić Wells 2010, p. 76). Green consumerism Green consumerism has gained great popularity in the West and many other countries around the world (Maczulak 2010, p. 78). The r ecent destructive cyclones, earthquakes, and other natural disasters have made the society realize that there will be a time when the world will not be able to withstand pollution anymore (Linscott 2011, p. 35). For this reason, the society has come to appreciate the use of eco-friendly energy that poses no threat to the environment. Most of those who engage in development and consumption of green energy do so because of their concern for the environment. This has helped in the development of renewable energy. Change of consumer behaviour According to Lund (2010, p. 63), there has been a shift in consumer behaviour over the past one decade. As the price for oil continues to soar, consumers have developed a different behavioural pattern that leans towards renewable sources of energy.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consumers are always willing to pay a higher fare than norm al when they board a bus that is driven on the alternative fuel. They get satisfaction from protecting the environment from excessive carbon emission. Increasing quest for sustainable development It has become a common knowledge that sustainable development can only be achieved if the environment is protected. As Da (2013, p. 34) says, our current developmental projects should not jeopardize development needs of the future generation. Fossil fuel has played a major role in the pollution of the environment. The society believes that this condition can only be reversed with the help of renewable energy. France, the United States, and the United Kingdom are some of the leading countries where the concept of sustainable development through the use of renewable energy has become very popular (Wengenmayr BÃ ¼hrke 2013, p. 64). It is one of the forces that promote development of renewable energy. Change of lifestyle There has been a shift in consumer behaviour in the energy sector over t he past one year. Most consumers now consider using renewable energy sources as a trendy lifestyle. This has been attributed to the role of media in promoting development and use of renewable energy (Todaro Smith 2009, p. 42). The youth find it motivating when the media gives them coverage on how they use or participate in the development of renewable energy. People are embracing a new lifestyle where those who use fossil fuels are viewed as enemies of the environment, hence the enemies of the society. This has mounted a lot of pressure for many people to shift from using fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Background of Renewable Energy Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Increasing population The research by Chambers (2004, p. 86) shows that there has been a consistency in the world’s population. This means that the non- renewable sources of ener gy are consumed at a very high rate despite their decreasing volume. The society has come to appreciate that the only way to have enough energy for all would be by developing renewable sources of energy. New IT age The new IT age has also helped in enhancing the development of renewable sources of energy. It has played a major role in promoting the use of renewable energy in the world. Through information technology, experts in the field of renewable energy can share their ideas with the members of the society. The increased awareness makes it easy for the society to appreciate the need to go green (Fuchs Masoum 2011, p. 46). How Renewable Energy Contribute To Human Development Human development index looks at a number of factors, some of which are closely related to renewable energy (Pimentel 2008, p. 66). Some of these factors are discussed below. Health Renewable energy helps reduce carbon emission into the environment. This decreases the rate of pollution of the atmosphere (Kal ogirou 2006, p. 32). Cases of a poisonous atmosphere have been witnessed in Hong Kong as a result of pollution from machines that use fossil fuel energy. Using renewable sources of energy is the only way of having an environment that is free from pollution. This promotes health (Saunders Chapman 2006, p. 78).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Education Renewable energy helps in enhancing education. Children at junior stages of life are made to appreciate the importance of renewable energy. Some of them who are creative can find ways of developing cost-effective sources of renewable energy. This helps in creating a practical learning environment (Black Flarend 2010, p. 43). Gender equality Renewable energy offers a unique opportunity for men and women to put their skills into practice (Andexer 2008, p. 54). Some of the methods used to produce renewable energy are simple and can be done by people of both genders. List of References Andexer, T 2008, A Hypothetical Enhanced Renewable Energy Utilization (EREU) Model for Electricity Generation in Thailand, GRIN Verlag GmbH, MÃ ¼nchen. Black, B Flarend, R 2010, Alternative energy, Greenwood, Santa Barbara. Chambers, A 2004, Renewable energy in nontechnical language, PennWell Corp, Tulsa. Craddock, D 2008, Renewable energy made easy: Free energy from solar, wind, hydropower, Cengage, New York. Da, R 2013, Fundamentals of renewable energy processes, Academic Press, Oxford. Fuchs, E Masoum, M 2011, Power conversion of renewable energy systems, Springer, New York. Kalogirou, S 2006, Artificial intelligence in energy and renewable energy systems, Nova Science Publishers, New York. Kemp, W 2006, The renewable energy handbook: a guide to rural energy indepencence, off-grid sustainable living, Aztext Press, Tamworth. Korkin, A, Krstić, P Wells, J 2010, Nanotechnology for electronics, photonics, and renewable energy, Springer, New York. Linscott, B 2011, Renewable energy: A common sense energy plan, Tate Pub Enterprises, Mustang. Lund, H 2010, Renewable energy systems: The choice and modeling of 100% renewable solutions, Academic, London. Maczulak, A 2010, Renewable energy: Sources and methods, Facts on File, New York Pimentel, D 2008, Biofuels, solar and wind as renewable energy systems: Benefits and risks, Springer, Dordrecht. Saunders, N Chapman, S 2 006, Renewable energy, Raintree, New York. Todaro, M Smith, S 2009, Economic development, Addison-Wesley, Harlow. Wengenmayr, R BÃ ¼hrke, T 2013, Renewable energy: Sustainable concepts for the energy change, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. This essay on Social Background of Renewable Energy Development was written and submitted by user Myles Park to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Role of Environment in Child Development Research Paper Example

Role of Environment in Child Development Research Paper Example Role of Environment in Child Development Paper Role of Environment in Child Development Paper An early childhood environment is many things: Its a safe place where children are protected from the elements and are easily supervised, and its here the important activities of the day take place, such as playing, eating, sleeping, washing hands, and going to the bathroom. Beyond the basics, however, an environment for young children implements and supports a programs philosophy and curriculum. Childhood is the most important phase for overall development throughout the lifespan. Part of our capacity for change and growth depends on early experiences and the interrelationships of children and parents. Early experiences determine health, education and economic participation for the rest of life. A childs identity develops as he or she grows. Brain and biological velveteen during the first years of life is highly influenced by an infants environment. Early childhood is the most intensive period of brain development during the lifespan. To reach their potential, young children need to spend time in a caring responsive environment that protects them from neglect and inappropriate disapproval and punishment. Parents and families are the key to early child development, but need support to provide the right environment. Some families provide an atmosphere of love and acceptance. Others have a climate of instability and hostility in which love is not available to aid the childrens development. Studies show that children need love. Families that are loving and democratic not only have children who are brighter than those families which are cold and autocratic, but also tend to have children whose Siss increase while in school rather than decrease. Attention and interest leads to children with a high self esteem. Those mothers who show affectionate warmth toward their children have children with a lower incidence of juvenile delinquency. Interest and affectionate warmth in the home are important for the growing personality. Each family is different, because the family is a system composed of unique individuals. Families can be classified as child-centered, home-centered or parent-centered. The parents in the child-centered family willingly sacrifice their needs and desires for the sake of their children. The happiness and health of their children are more important than any considerations. Typically, in the child-centered family, a division of labor occurs in which the father specializes in maintaining economic security and in ensuring a respected place for the family in the community, the mother specializes in taking care of the children. In home centered families priority is also given to the needs of the children. The preference between the child centered and home centered families is that home centered families are not oriented toward socio-economic achievement, instead both the father and mother give priority to personal relationships among family members, emotional security and companionship are highly valued. The familys energy is spent on the family life, rather than the community. These two family types provides a conducive environment for a child development. Parents who spend time playing and teaching their kids through reading and by performing various types of hands-on games and activities can have a positive impact on their childish development. The childish immediate family environment shapes a sense of stability, self-worth and worldview. The best home environment for a child is one that helps meet the basic needs for health and safety. Homes with a positive emotional climate produce children who trust others. A positive family environment provides consistency for strong childhood development. The childs immediate family environment shapes a sense of stability, self- worth and worldview. Routines such as eating meals together as a family or going to the park on Sundays provide opportunities for family members to develop social relationships amongst themselves. Family rituals also promote a sense of belonging. Bedtime routines are associated with better sleep patterns amongst children. Family routines may also make it easier for children to cope with stress such as parental separation or divorce. Maintaining a good environment at home for children is very important, as it is the first training a child gets before going in to the real world. For instance, a child starts learning from his/her home at the beginning stage. Although this seems to be a difficult job which needs lots of patience, struggle and time to mold the entire system. Some of the key aspects of discipline which your hill should ideally learn in the early years are Courtesy, manners and punctuality. At home your child needs to be taught behavioral qualities, and rude behavior needs to be thwarted out. But before one concentrates his efforts on disciplining a child for misconduct, one must have a strategy, or game plan, for teaching their child how they are expected to behave. As I said patience is an important and a successful element in maintaining a good environment at home. Sometimes it will be very difficult to keep your patience, at this point take some break, there is no need to be disheartened and try again later. To maintain a pleasant environment at home it requires a lot of concentration, persistence and hard work. If you take steps at the beginning of your child by setting out guidelines and goals you want to achieve and stick to them, your chances of maintaining a pleasant environment will be far higher. When your child stays at home all day, and you take on the dual role of teacher and parent, issues of discipline will arise. It IS easy for the child to take on a negative attitude towards understanding discipline. Correct discipline needs to be adhered from the start of your homecomings to avoid potential faculties later on in your childs development and learning. Discipline provides both yourself and your child with immense levels of freedom, and there will be an enticement to stretch this freedom. Certain rules and practices need to be implemented at the beginning stages of your child as it may be very difficult for you to change your childs habits at later stage. There should be a friendly and enabling environment at home. The members of the family should listen and have a great respect for one another. This is very important to maintain a good environment free from all countersigning and confusions among the family members. Parents relations play a significant role in maintaining a better environment at home. Praise is powerful. Praising your child is one of the most important things you can do as a parent. Praise is nourishment. It helps your child grow emotionally, just as food helps your child grow physically. The reason behind giving praise is to build up self esteem, to give a belief of personal satisfaction, with the addition of feeling secure within ones self. There is a sense of confidence that one has when one knows that someone has paid detention and has encourage them with a positive response, due to their efforts. So now knowing what praise is we take in mind how often we should praise a child and when without over saturating with praises or not giving enough praises. Sometimes its best for children that parents should avoid discussing their domestic and financial matters in front of their children as some children are very sensitive and they get frustrated and tilt towards negative activities to escape from their suffocated environment. Ups and downs are part of life from which no one can escape rather it is wise to face them boldly and moieties its good to take your childrens views in any decision-making as this will make them feel more confident about themselves. In this way, they will trust and feel that their parents always give them importance and they will consider themselves an integral part of the family. The bottom line is that maintaining a good environment is in the hands of sensible parents who can build a childs career by playing and affective role so that their children should always feel at home a place where one wants to be relaxed putting aside tensions and worries of life. An ideal learning environment for young children would be established at home, as well as at school. For example, a young child should be able to do homework in a well-lighted area that is free of distractions such as television. The right materials, such as paper, scissors, sharpened pencils, and crayons, need to be on hand for homework or projects. By having these materials ready before the work starts, will save everyone time and help keep your child focused from beginning to end. A Liberal family which has lesser number of kids will be best for children to grow up in. In my opinion, parents have the responsibility to educate their own children in their own way. However, a liberal family will make their children grow up happily. Parents should not limit childrens thought and behavior in their own way. What they think may not be correct at all times. Children could select what they would like to learn and enjoy besides the general studying. I cant agree with people who only want to have one child, not only because of the decrease of the birth rate, but also because their child needs someone to be with to accompany. The lecture from teachers or parents will never replace wisdom gained from siblings and peers. Some people may argue that parents should have the domination toward heir own family; however, apparently its not appropriate to control ones mind and behaviors because they are older. Children should learn how do they discipline their behaviors. Parents and the other elders could give them the suggestion, which it might be useful because they are more experienced than the younger. But, time changes. The old rules could be the best answer; however, its not right to deny other options that could lead them to the correct way. Although things will be more complicated and hard, this is what they choose and they deserve to suffer or enjoy their own lives. The early learning environment is important in a childs development. Education extends beyond traditional schooling. In fact, the first three years of life are possibly the most important to a childs developing brain. During this time, stimulation and interaction with parents and other children is essential. Young children require a rich environment in which to interact and explore. Actively engaging all of his senses stimulates brain cells and encourages growth. Children need to explore, experiment, and learn basic knowledge through direct experience. Indeed, childhood is a time when we earn firsthand about the physical world the feel of water, the constant pull of gravity, the stink of rotten fruit, and the abrasive feel of concrete on a bare knee. A young child can learn by touching, and if denied sources of stimulation, mental growth stagnates. The school that your child attends has a massive impact on creating and molding fundamental behavioral aspects. Children at the preschool and elementary level are building an academic foundation for their future. The role of the teacher is critical in a childs life. Children depend on teachers to be their confidant, colleague, model, instructor, and nurturer of educational experiences. The best learning environment for children is a child-centered, play-based one. Demonstrate to children that the space is theirs by displaying pictures of the children and their families, as well as samples of their artwork. Children learn best through hands-on activities that involve all five senses. Structure your learning environment so that children can move freely between activities at their own pace. Play-based environments emphasize social and emotional development that enables children to excel academically, communicate effectively with teachers and peers and develop problem-solving skills. An ideal learning environment for young children is one where the students can focus on their schoolwork and their teacher and not be distracted by uncomfortable temperatures, insufficient lighting and poor classroom design. The physical learning environment should be safe, comfortable, nurturing and positive. Discipline and academic achievement should be enforced. Schools enforced with rules and a safe environment showed increased scores academically and a reduction in discipline issues. Children learn best when offered a balance between structured and unstructured activity. During free play, children should have the freedom to whose where to play and what to play with. The learning environment serves as an invitation at all times. Make sure that all accessible materials are age- appropriate and safe, and be prepared to allow the children to use those materials as they move around in the space. Provide enough materials so that several children can play in the same area at once. Avoid time limits during free play. Allow time each day for structured play or activities. Whether youre following a theme or teaching about an animal or culture the children have expressed an interest in, make sure the group activity engages as many of the vive senses as possible. For example, if today is A day, you might bring several colors Of apples to the activity space. Talk about the colors with the children and allow each child to smell the apple. Cut the apple and give slices from each variety to each child. Invite the children to sample the apple and describe the way if feels, smells and tastes. You might also prepare a dish using the apples from the activity, talk about the seeds and plant an apple tree. The best learning environments have well-defined spaces. If you have a long, open space through the middle of the room, you re inviting children to UN, skip or hop through that space. Designate areas for reading, dramatic play, art, music and movement, science and math by using rugs, tables, screens, lofts, bookcases, furniture and nooks. Scholastic recommends that you provide both well-lit and dimly-lit areas, informal furniture arrangements and separate spaces designated for quiet and active play. Children seek out a constant change of stimuli-scenery, textures, colors, social groups, activities, environments, sounds, and smells. As our children spend more time in our programs, the more variation and stimulation they need. Play provides a ay for children to integrate all their new experiences into their rapidly developing minds, bodies, emotions, and social skills. Brain research supports this idea, stressing that children learn best through an integrated approach combining physical, emotional, cognitive, and social growth. Students with certain learning disabilities or other conditions that may affect learning or performance may do better in classrooms designed or altered to fit their needs. For example, in a classroom with special needs children (particularly those with attention challenges) placing desks with some space around each hill instead of arranging them into groups can reduce the distractions caused by being so close to other students. Environmental influences can be powerful. Nurturing environments foster physical and psychological growth. Adequate stimulation and nutrition are essential for development during the first three years of life. It is during these years that a childs brain is most sensitive to the influences of the external environment. Rapid brain development affects cognitive, social and emotional growth. Such development helps to ensure that each child reaches his or her attention and is a productive part of a rapidly changing, global society. The more stimulating the early environment, the more a child develops and learns. Language and cognitive development are especially important during the first six months to three years of life. A childs social environment influences their cognitive development and educational attainment. Clearly children need lots of exposure to other people in their early childhood years. Children who engage in good social relationships perform better academically than those who do not. Children living in social environments characterized by residential stability are less keel to be absent from school and perform better academically than those who do not. The sense of belonging which individuals experiences when they have good social relationships has a positive influence on their mental health. A healthy child should engage in sports or other beneficial activities. Belonging to a group, whether it is a sporting team, book club or other organization, is a good way to meet new people and develop relationships and a sense of belonging. Groups which actively intervene in communities to improve the social environment, for example by having a cleanup day or organizing a local government petition, have been shown to be particularly effective in creating a sense of cohesion in the community. An individuals physical surroundings markedly influence their health. Environments characterized by poor physical surroundings (e. G. Lack of open space, lack of facilities and litter) are associated with poor health outcomes. For example, social environments characterized by quality, affordable housing are associated with reduced poverty and increased residential stability, both of which affect a childs health and the social relationships which they form. Children who lived in cleaner neighborhoods are assessed as having better social behaviors than those living in less clean environments. The availability of good quality educational facilities within an environment is also important. Children who have good social relationships have greater self esteem than those who do not and are less likely to experience mental health problems including depression and anxiety. There is also evidence that pro-social behavior during childhood leads to better psychological health in adulthood. The social environment may also influence a childs health by influencing the behavior of their parents. Researchers concluded that children rated high in seeking stimulation (nature) were more curious and open to learning from their environment (nurture) which in turn enhanced the development of their cognitive abilities and resulted in higher scores on IQ tests. Researchers conclude that genetic factors set a range for many cognitive abilities and these abilities are facilitated by a stimulating environment. The availability of job opportunities within a neighborhood or community may also affect a childs development, by influencing their parents work. Working locally means less travel time (and presumably, more time for family ointments) and associated stress. Working locally can improve parenting, relationships between parents and children and ultimately child health and development. There is also evidence that the availability of housing and employment within a neighborhood, affect levels of child maltreatment. Nutrition is very important for children. It is directly linked to all aspects of their growth and development. Introducing good nutrition into the lives of your children will help them create healthy habits for life. Learning correct portion sizes at a young age and eating a healthy, balanced diet will help reverent your kids from being overweight as they get older. A balanced diet helps to fuel your childs growing body and give your child the energy she needs for the day. Kids need specific vitamins and minerals to help their bodies and minds develop and mature. A healthy, balanced diet will help to create good nutrition habits in your children that they will take with them the rest of their lives. Proper nutrition allows for adequate growth throughout a childs developmental years. The brain, in particular, relies on regular nourishment to reach its full potential. Healthy eating habits also reduce the sis of serious disease and vitamin deficiencies, a serious concern in the developing world. The childs nutrient needs correspond with these changes in growth rates. An infant needs more calories in relation to size than a preschooler or school-age child needs. Nutrient needs increase again as a child gets close to adolescence Young children need to feel important. In past eras children were responsible to water the garden, do farm chores, and care for younger children. Children need to feel that what they do is meaningful to someone besides themselves. A basic human need is the need to belong. Children need to feel they belong, o. They need to be close to people they know, have familiar and comfortable objects, and be in a setting that has a personal history for them. Many challenges faced by adults, such as mental health issues, obesity, heart disease, criminality, and poor literacy and innumeracy, can be traced back to early childhood. When children spend their early years in a less stimulating, or less emotionally and physically supportive environment, brain development is affected and leads to cognitive, social and behavioral delays. Later in life, these children will have difficulty dealing with complex situations and environments. High levels of adversity and stress during early childhood can increase the risk of stress-related disease and learning problems well into the adult years. A negative physical environment can have harmful effects on a childs development mentally and physically. The mistreatment of children can occur in any religious, socioeconomic or racial group. Domestic violence, drug use, social isolation and verbal abuse are factors that influence childhood development. Children who live in violent homes and witness domestic abuse can fall victim physically and emotionally. Negative relations and disputes can spoil the atmosphere of a house. Instead of a better environment the entire house plunges into chaos which not only affects the psychology of children but also makes them suffer in various complexes. Impoverished environment can stunt growth especially in combination with severe and prolonged environmental stresses. This may produce a lasting physical and psychological failure to thrive. Research has shown children exposed to poor and underprivileged educational environments tend to be at a higher risk of being negatively affected in terms of their development. Poverty has detrimental effects on a childs IQ and school achievement. Children facing a socioeconomic disadvantage show weak academic- readiness skills. Teachers might also have lower expectations for children who come from a poverty situation at home. Children from lower socioeconomic lifestyles have risks in physical development as well. These children show higher rates of pre-birth complications and increased lead exposure, which affect their cognitive brain functions during childhood. Rigid learning programs that focus on accumulating skills through means such as worksheets, computers, memorization and flashcards lead to stressed, high truing aggressive and depressed students later on. Work-related stress and time constraints have been shown to have negative effects on individuals and spill over into the family and affect relationships within it, including the quality of parent-child relationships. Without love physical, mental and emotional development may be retarded. Disturbed families are most likely to produce disturbed children. Abandonment affects children in individual ways with distinctive psychological effects. Abandonment can be psychological or physical. Psychological abandonment can occur when the parent stops bonding with he child or becomes mentally disabled. Physical abandonment can be the result of death, giving the child away or ceasing to have contact with the child in the event of a divorce. The parent may abandon the child because she feels overwhelmed or incompetent or finds herself in an unwanted or unaccepted role of parenting. Abandonment is a term frequently used interchangeably with child neglect or child abuse. A child who has been abandoned may become withdrawn, angry and restless. He may fear that he will be abandoned again and develop nightmares or a fear Of sleeping alone. He eight also cry, have feelings of guilt and question the intentions of other loved ones in his life. An older child may search for love and security elsewhere in potentially dangerous situations. The effects of abandonment may vary according to the childs age and bond with the parent who abandoned him, but it is possible for him to carry lingering distrust and resentment into adulthood. The effect of under nutrition on young children (ages 0-8) can be devastating and enduring. It can impede behavioral and cognitive development, educability, and reproductive health, thereby undermining future work productivity. Whether or not children are well-nourished during their first years of life can have a profound effect on their health status, as well as their ability to learn, communicate, think analytically, socialize effectively and adapt to new environments and people. Some of the developmental problems experienced by malnourished children are caused by direct physiological crippling such as retarded brain growth and low birth weight, where as other conditions are the result of limited and abnormal interaction and stimulation vital to healthy development. Unstable political environment can hamper a childs development.

Medgar Evers and Merlye Evers essays

Medgar Evers and Merlye Evers essays Merlyie Evers fight and sacrifice for a cause was extremely different than that of her husbands. Merlyies time period for this action was 25 years In the making, quite distinct than that of her husband. She also did not sacrifice that much except for time in her case as he sacrificed his family for his cause. She did not fight for the whole black community, she fought for her husband. There are some distinct facts of contrast and comparison when viewing both of these historic peoples story. In Medgar Everss life there we many accomplishments that were done by this strong and brave man. He enrolled in Alcorn As first field secretary. He fought for the enforcement of the court decision of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka which outlawed school segregation, the right to vote, and encouraged boycotting merchants who were racist. One night after a NAACP meeting he walked out of his car in front of his home and was shot dead in the back by a ruthless coward named Byron de la Beckwith. Now a new fight would begin not for de-segregation but a fight for justice. When Merlyie woke up the following morning after the murder she must have felt what Medgar had sacrificed. He gave up his whole family and sacrificed himself to get equal word for a black man and his family. Merlyie was trying to get justice done on Medgars part. She never knew it would wind up ruining another mans life but when justice needs to be done all must be sacrificed. That man was Bobby DeLauder. He found new evidence which proved Beckwith guilty. DeLauder worked hard nights and sacrificed his marriage and his reputation to get justice done on part with M ...

Beck's Theory of Risk Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Beck's Theory of Risk Society - Essay Example Time and again, sociologists have studied societal behaviours and have coined different names for different societies. With the advent of the era of advanced modernity, societal thinkers went into further depths and coined even more comprehensive titles such as Affluent societies, Civic Societies, Open societies etc. One of the most prominent societal thinkers of this new modern era is Ulrich Beck. INTRODUCTION TO BECK AND RISK SOCIETY The German sociologist coined the name of Risk Society in his book ‘’ Toward a New Modernity’’ to explain that this era of advanced modernity is overwhelmed by the underlying risks that form an integral part of the future of these societies. Beck uses the term to identify societies that are risk averse and try to find out systematic methodologies to deal with risks induced by the modernisation itself. The term risk society is also analysed through the paradigms of a theoretical framework. This frame comprises of three interre lated ingredients: Individualization, Risk and reflexive modernity. The underlying basis of Beck to his argument is that modern society is exposed to a plenthora of risks and uncertainties. These uncertainties can include nuclear radiations, global warming, highly endemic diseases, invasive species and many other virulent phenomena (Adam, 2000). CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BECKS THEORY: The historical theoretical work on societies centered around the distribution of world resources. Particularly those of the beginning of the modern era but with the new concept of risk aversiveness, Beck has given new paradigms to the societal risk theories. He argues that today, the focus of societies is not on the distribution of resources but on the distribution of risks and machinations of modernization, the risks prevalent in the contemporary scenario. He furthers his stance by saying that many potential risks are extricated from the concepts of boundaries and so these risks cannot be equitably distrib uted. Everyone therefore is equally at risk. Hence the concept of social classifications identified by the historical sociologists are no longer relevant according to Beck because risks cannot be equitably distributed and so all social classes are dissolved leading to individualization of the social actors. INDIVIDUALIZATION: According to Beck since all countries are equally exposed to the risks identified earlier, all entities, organizations, institutions and governments stand at the same level and so they are individualized at their own domains. Thus they have to take charge of the responsibilities and work on solutions to mitigating these risks. These individualized social actors identify the risks generated from technological innovation and new discoveries and they undertake action such as social movements and awareness campaigns to pressurize the innovators in being safety complaint. On the basis of this idea of individualization, Beck illustrates the vision of ‘New Moder nity’. He portrays a society where personal experimentation and cultural innovation are cherished at the back of high potential uncertainties. Beck considers both regressive and progressive elements to individualization REFLEXIVE MODERNIZATION Beck criticises modernity by attacking the presuppositions of the theory of modernity related socialization. He is of the opinion that many sociologists confuse modernity with industrialism. He finds progress in the overrated social theories which align linear

IT MUST BE WITHIN THE TIME PERIOD COVERED BY YOUR U.S. HISTORY COURSE( Essay

IT MUST BE WITHIN THE TIME PERIOD COVERED BY YOUR U.S. HISTORY COURSE( FROM 1877 TO THE PRESENT) - Essay Example ed, another plane smashed into the west side wing of the Pentagon, the American military nerve centre within an hour after the first attack in New York. As all this happened, another plane was high jacked at an airport in California with 45 passengers on board; it later crashes in a farm in Pennsylvania. An estimated 3000 people died in the New York attacks with the pentagon losing 125 military officers and 64 passengers aboard the high-jacked plane (www.history.com). The president at the time, George W. Bush, later addressed America and the world from his oval office, recounted the day’s events, and reminded the world that America could not watch as terrorisms reigned over its soil. He concluded his speech with a declaration that the American military will take action in dealing with not only the terrorists, but also their masters. This was the beginning of what would later be known as the War on Terror that would last years, cost billions of dollars, American and foreign lives, and cause a shift in America’s foreign policy and well the world opinion of the United States. Following the September 11 attacks, America declared war on al-Qaeda and decided to take the battle to their stronghold of Afghanistan. The alleged mastermind of these attacks was Osama bin Laden, a Saudi born fugitive living in Afghanistan and fully supported by the Taliban government that was the authority of the day at the time in Afghanistan. This war, initially intended to last just a few weeks if not months, later took years and is to this day yet to be wound up, finally becoming the undoing of the American government under the leadership of President Bush. The objective was to capture Osama bin Laden, something that never happened until his death in 2011 under president Obama. The reason for this failure was what was described as ‘bad intelligence’, as a matter of fact, as the troops moved in the rocky mountains of Afghanistan, it emerged that the alleged complex caves that were

Support Children and Young People’s Positive Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Support Children and Young People’s Positive Behaviour Essay †¢ AC2.1 Describe the benefits of encouraging and rewarding positive behaviour It is important that the adult influences of the classroom recognise and praise the positive behaviour of individual pupils – especially those who struggle to maintain good behaviour and tend to be told off more than others. It is also essential to praise constant good behaviour (from pupils who never misbehave) to avoid the development inappropriate behaviour. Children respond to all kinds of positive praise. In my setting, the class teacher and LSA’s often add positive words like ‘fantastic’, ‘brilliant’ or ‘well done’ when acknowledging their input towards the class. We also use house tokens to reward good behaviour. Giving the pupils a physical reward makes them feel that the efforts they make in their positive behaviour is very appreciated. The more we praise good behaviour of individuals, the more likely the pupil is to continue the good behaviour and maintain a positive attitude towards school and learning. †¢ AC1.1 Describe what each policy/procedure says, and what its purpose is The primary school in which I work has many policies and procedures in place to ensure that all school rules are adhered to, at all times, by all staff and pupils. It is the duty of the schools staff (teachers, LSA’s etc.) to ensure that the pupils follow the school rules, and that we ourselves are always knowledgeable about existing and new policies and procedures, and enforce them where necessary. A hard copy of the schools policies and procedures must be available for all staff members and visitors to the organisation to read. The school’s behaviour policy is very important and must be understood by all teachers and LSA’s, to ensure that the pupils are given fair, consistent guidelines on behaviour. Policies and procedures are enforced to ensure that the pupils understand what is expected of them and the boundaries and restrictions to help them manage their behaviour. Enforcing such policies and procedures from an early age will help the children develop and understanding of how to behave, not just at school, but throughout day-to day life. If the schools behaviour policy is understood  and practiced by adults on a daily basis, the children will follow their example by displaying good behaviour, and should carry the skills of respect and good behaviour through to adulthood. In the contents of the behaviour policy of the school I attend, it states the sanctions to be followed where the school rules are broken. On the first and second occasion the pupil is given a warning. On the third occasion the pupil is given a yellow card. On the fourth occasion the pupil has to miss part of the next available playtime (5 minutes in which to reflect on their behaviour and how they can make it better – should the pupils behaviour improve after the third warning, the yellow card is to be disregarded). If poor behaviour persists the pupil’s parents are informed, and an appropriate strategy is to be agreed between the parents and teacher – whilst keeping the head teacher informed. Should the pupil continue to show bad or inappropriate behaviour, the pupil will be sent to the head teacher, who will then discuss the agreed strategy with parents and the pupil concerned. The behaviour policy also states that praise and rewards should be regular and consistent. We must offer positive verbal praise when possible. Class rewards will be used in each class to encourage peer reinforcement of appropriate behaviour. The behaviour policy also contains details of the school rules, the ‘VIP awards’, and the ‘star of the week award’. Children with examples of excellent behaviour or exceptional work will be sent to the head teacher for praise. †¢ AC1.2 Describe the importance of all staff being consistent and fair when applying each policy/procedure. In my setting, all staff members have read the schools policies and procedures, and are kept up-to-date of any amendments or changes. Staff members are expected to practice these policies and procedures at all times whilst monitoring the behaviour of pupils in all activities. We must report any inappropriate behaviour to the class teacher and take action where appropriate. We must be fair and consistent when applying the school  procedures to ensure that the pupils are treated equally. If pupils who behave badly are treated differently, or in their eyes unfairly, they will become confused of their boundaries and unsure of what is expected of them. Treating misbehaving children differently will have a negative impact on future behaviour. Recently, I witnessed a pupil at my setting using inappropriate language during a music lesson, where the class teacher was not present. I took the pupil to one side and bent to their level. I informed the pupil that the language they had used was both inappropriate and unacceptable. I told the pupil that I would be informing the class teacher of the incident and that should it happen again, I would be sending them straight to the head teacher’s office. Another child had overheard the inappropriate language and copied it. I took the same action with the second child, and then separated them, moving one child to the other side of the classroom. After the music lesson, I informed the class teacher of both incidents, who thanked me for my input and said that the pupils would need to be closely monitored for the rest of the day. †¢ AC3.2 Describe occasions when behaviour problems have been referred to others. Describe why the behaviour was referred to someone else, and explain why it was referred to that person. In a recent maths lesson, I was sat with a SENCO pupil offering lesson support. During the lesson the pupil started stabbing a school text book with a pencil. I told the pupil to stop, and informed them that they had caused deliberate damage to school property. I told the pupil that I was giving them their first warning and told them that I hoped it was their last warning. About 5 minutes later, while the pupil thought I wasn’t looking, they began stabbing the book again. I immediately removed the book from their desk and referred the situation to the class teacher. I informed her that the pupil had already received one warning, and had continued to cause damage. The class teacher was concerned that the pupil had continued to damage the text book even after having a warning. She decided to refer the pupil to the head teacher’s office, to help them understand the consequences  of their actions and the repercussions of damaging school property. During a morning break, I noticed that a child who was normally very sociable was sat on their own. I approached the child and sat next to them. I asked them if they were ok and whether they wanted to join in with the other pupils who were playing, to which they replied no, they wanted to sit alone. I asked if they wanted to sit me with me for a while and then maybe join in with the other children if they felt like it, to which they said yes. I asked them if they were feeling ok, or needed a drink perhaps, but they said no. The pupil sat with me, very quietly, for the whole break. I was concerned as this was a sudden change in behaviour. After break I approached the class teacher and asked to talk in private. I informed the class teacher that I was concerned about the pupil as they were normally very sociable but today they were very quiet and seemed troubled. The teacher thanked me for my input and informed me that the pupil was experiencing a difficult time at home. The teacher asked me to keep a close eye on the pupil and continue to offer support. The teacher also said that she would discuss the pupil’s change in behaviour with their parents, as the home life was having an effect on their school life. I referred the above mentioned incidents to the class teacher, as the class teacher has a greater knowledge of the individual pupils and their background. I felt that as a volunteer Learning support assistant I had offered all possible contributions towards the situation. I thought that the situations need to be taken further than my jurisdiction, so referred them to the class teacher. In both cases, the class teacher made a decision to refer the situations even further, to the parents or head teacher. I did not feel that it was appropriate for myself to make such a decision, so referred the situation to my immediate supervisor.

Mandatory Second Language Learning: An Excellent Idea Essay example --

It has become common knowledge that the United States is falling behind the rest of the world. Economically, Industrially, and educationally, the rest of the world pushes forward and welcomes change while the United States clings to what it has known for decades. One of the largest gaps between the US and the rest of the world is its policy about second languages, and it puts the US at a disadvantage. Those who oppose change believe the US can better itself without making secondary language learning mandatory; they argue that it will cost more money, â€Å"turn students off† to learning a second language entirely, and that the benefits are not worth the costs. Unless a change is made in the United States’ language education, the country will continue to fall behind. Making learning a second language mandatory not only helps students, but the country as a whole by â€Å"raising the bar† and improving the country’s competitiveness with the rest of the world. Many people against second language learning argue that learning a second language is meaningless because it is never used after learning it and is soon forgotten. The problem is the country’s secondary language education methods. Rather than teaching at a young age, which they should, they make it mandatory at the high school level. Making children learn a second language at a young age is a better method because the earliest years of childhood are a critical period and at a later time, the brain’s ability to learn a new language is greatly diminished (Richards). Another problem is that most often, there isn’t enough repetition of what is learned in order for it to â€Å"sink in† to the memory of students. If taught at a young age and maintained throughout that students’ academic career, not... ...proxy.gc.maricopa.edu/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=23&sid= ce282cb3-71e8-42b2-9fbd- 3f5cd0565bc4%40sessionmgr11&bdata=JmxvZ2luLmFzcCZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmUm c2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=66695436>. Metis, Myriam. "A Cure For Monolingualism." Academic Search Premier. EBSCO, Oct. 2008. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. . Richards, J. C., R. Anderson, D. W. Carroll, and A. Radford. "Language Acquisition." Ebscohost. 11 Jan. 2011. Web. 08 Dec. 2011. .

Discuss the Aphorism “Small Firm Growth Being the Only Measure of an Entrepreneur’s Success”.

INTRODUCTION Business growth is a good goal for most firms in general and is given great weight by the society. This could be seen with the list conjured up by the media, such as ‘Forbes Fast-Growing Companies’ and ‘Inc Fastest Growing Companies’ lists (Hupato 2011). The reason small firm growth has been prioritised by policy makers and the society is mainly due to its contribution to the economy (Bridge, O’Neill & Martin 2009). Small firm and entrepreneurship have so often been linked together, and it has become common to acknowledge that all small firms are established by entrepreneurs.Hence, the terms such as growth, success and performance are often linked in the research of entrepreneurial success (Reijonen & Komppula 2007). However, if entrepreneurship is defined as creation of new economic activity, the aspect of firm growth is already defined the moment the entrepreneur introduced new products or services (Davidsson, Achtenhagen & Naldi 2010). In other words, growth is not an aspect of entrepreneurship if growth is measured solely on volume expansion of existing products or through acquisitions of existing business.Schumpeter has also mentioned that one can be entrepreneurial without being self-employed and vice versa (Utsch, Rauch, Rothfufs & Frese 1999). Entrepreneurship remains an enigma till date and the assumption that all small firms are creations of an entrepreneur is arguable. Davidsson, Achtenhagen & Naldi (2010) has described, even a superficial reading on the complexity of small firm growth literature could easily leave the reader confused. Thus, the aphorism of small firm growth being the only measure of an entrepreneur’s success should be looked upon from different perspectives.The dimensions of small firm growth and also the perspectives of entrepreneurial success will be analysed to see the degree of its correlation and to judge how true the mentioned aphorism is. What is small firm growth? Generall y, growth of a business occurs in phases in a small business life cycle. A business venture would normally encounter three-stage development process, namely the ‘seed’ stage, the ‘start-up’ stage and the ‘expansion’ stage (Mukherjee 1992).The ‘seed’ stage brings a well-conceived idea into existence, while the ‘start-up’ stage included employment and accumulating business capital, and the ‘expansion’ stage involves manufacturing or service capacity increment (Mukherjee 1992). On the other hand, Bridge, O’Neill & Martin (2009) has suggested five stages of small firm growth, namely ‘existence’, ‘survival’, ‘success’, ‘take-off’ and ‘maturity’. Helms & Renfrow (1994) has supported the concept of the five stages of various developmental growth stages when they conducted a research in United States.Bridge, O’Neill & Martin (2009) defi ned the five stages as the following: the ‘existence’ stage is similar to the ‘seed’ stage explained previously, while the ‘survival’ stage involves customer familiarisation with the firm’s product or service. The ‘success’ stage is when there are options for further growth, thus the ‘take-off’ stage where the owner opted to grow the business larger. The business will reach the ‘maturity’ stage when it displays the characteristics of a large company.However, the mentioned researchers have concluded that it is difficult to clearly define the business development stages clearly during throughout the business cycle (Bridge, O’Neill & Martin 2009). Despite the challenging task to categorise growth, researchers would still generally use the small business growth as indicator of success since it is common parlance to suggest that success requires growth, to stand still is to die (Geneste & Weber 20 11). There are enormous literatures on theories of growth and are most commonly associated with generation of jobs.In the early years, entrepreneurship has been the main focus due to its significant employment opportunities that was created. This reason remained strong today thus gaining the attention from policy-makers in each country. In fact, the number of employees a firm has become an important factor for classifying a small firm (Helms & Renfrow 1994). Research shows that young high-growth firms (also commonly known as ‘gazelles’) generate a large share of all new net jobs (Roper 2012).Robbins, Pantuosco, Parker & Fuller (2000) has also confirmed in their research that a state with large quantity of small business has lower rates of unemployment compared to other states that has little quantity of small businesses. The reason employment rates are valuable in measuring growth is because each firm will grow until they reach the optimal size that corresponds to minim um average cost (Hart 2000). Thus, each firm will continue to employ during its growth stage until it reaches the efficient scale or natural decay.However, other research has proved that it is difficult to measure small firm performance by employee growth. This is due to moderating variables such as outsourcing activities, productivity changes and replacement of employees with capital investments (Fitzsimmons, Steffens & Douglas 2005). When business grow in this the rapid changing modem world, many production and service functions has been contracted out (Bridge, O’Neill & Martin 2009). In other words, a business can grow without having any increase in employment rate.Several academicians argued that sales precede other yardsticks for business growth, as pointed out that it is the increase in sales that necessitates the increase in the number of employees hired (Davidsson, Achtenhagen & Naldi 2010). Sales revenue performance is used as small firm’s growth because it mi rrors the consumer’s demand for the product or services provided by the firm (Fitzsimmons, Steffens & Douglas 2005). In this world of constant returns, the consumer’s demand for the product or services determines the limit on the firm’s growth.Sales figures easily reflect both short-term and long-term changes in the firm, hence measuring the growth and performance. However, there are two reasons that deviate sales as business growth yardstick. Firstly, the typical downward sloping demand curve is not applicable in practice. Just as a habitual entrepreneur starts more than one business, a firm can also have product differentiation (Hart 2000). Hence, it is difficult to determine the demand and cost curves in imperfect competition market condition.Secondly, sales are not an accountable measure during first few stages of the business cycle. During the seed and the start-up stage, employment and assets may grow more extensively before any significant sale has been d one (Fitzsimmons, Steffens & Douglas 2005). In this context, assets are in the form tangible ‘fixed’ assets and intangible assets such as of entrepreneur’s knowledge asset, the reputation of the firm (Bridge, O’Neill & Martin 2009) and quantity of registered patents. Hence, business growth could not be measured by sales alone.Looking from another dimension, a firm’s profitability could be suggested as an important measure of growth for the simple reason that a firm is unable to sustain without profits. The difference between maximised sales and maximised profit is that the marginal revenue is zero when sales are maximised but the marginal revenue is positive when profits are maximised (Hart 2000). A firm’s growth on profitability can be considered in term of the net profit margins, return on assets (Fitzsimmons, Steffens & Douglas 2005) or return on equity (Durguner & Katchova 2009).High profit margins, return on assets and return on equity p rovide more confidence for shareholders and potential investors to invest in the firm, enhancing business growth. However, growth rates are highly volatile over duration of time and research has shown that there is no evidence of a relationship between growth and profitability (Fitzsimmons, Steffens & Douglas 2005). In accordance, many articles have reached a conclusion that financial measures alone are not sufficient as business growth and performance measure for small firms (Reijonen & Komppula 2007).This is due to the fact that, just as entrepreneurship, small business sector is hardly homogeneous, and not all of these businesses are operating in the same direction. Some research has even shown that not all small firms are even capable or willing to grow (Papadanki & Chami 2002). What is entrepreneurial success? The capability and willingness to grow of small firms are directly influenced by the business owners’ intention to grow and their self-perception of success.In oth er words, the growth of small business is not a self-evident phenomenon, but it is actually driven by the business owner’s motivations and intentions (Morrison, Breen & Ali 2003). Most business decisions are made by owners, and their own personal judgement will impact on the business growth orientation (Geneste & Weber 2011). Consequently, it can be considered that the role of the entrepreneur should be emphasized as the dominant factor of growth (Reijonen & Komppula 2007). An entrepreneur’s motivation for business growth has to be complemented by his or her willingness to grow and assume risks.The risks involved are such as willingness to delegate control functions to others and the uncertainty to produce more output. The researchers found that due to the risks, small business owners are reluctant to grow and perceives profit-maximisation as only one of the motives for business growth (Papadanki & Chami 2002). This argument draws down to the psychological theories of motivation. The McClelland’s theory of needs defined ‘need for achievement’ as â€Å"the drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, and to strive to succeed† (Robbins, Judge, Millet & Boyle 2011).Hence, characteristics of the business owners are linked to the business growth aspirations. In other words, each entrepreneur has their own perception of success depending on their own standard for ‘need for achievement’. To understand the business growth aspirations deeper, the owner’s clusters of traits and behaviours which affect the way they engage in their business activities are examined. The characteristic of the firm owner can be divided into three broad categories, namely ‘life-style’, ‘comfort-zone’ and ‘growth’ (Bridge, O’Neill & Martin 2009).The ‘life-style’ owners are defined to be those who establish the business to provide them a level of income and ha ve no intention for business growth. Geneste & Weber (2011) has identified owners that are not keen to expand their business due to deliberate ‘life-style’ choice, such as the small business atmosphere that engenders comradeship and job satisfaction. The ‘comfort-zone’ owners establish the business and focus on the benefits it can provide for the comfort he or she wants in life and the business growth will be stagnant once the desired comfort level has been achieved.The ‘growth’ owners are the almost ideal business person who maximises the earning potential and continue to grow the business further for the future. Clearly again, the intrinsic motivation of the owner should be examined further in order to understand what entrepreneurial success is. There are many studies that have been conducted to explore an entrepreneur’s intrinsic motivation for his or her business. One piece of research conducted was to compare the start-up motivation s and growth intentions between African-Americans (titled as ‘black’ by the researchers) and Americans (titled as ‘white’ by the researchers).Edelmen, Brush, Manolova & Greene (2010) has conducted a research to investigate new venture among black and white nascent entrepreneurs. In their research, they have discovered three important findings related to business growth. Firstly, nascent entrepreneurs do not associate business establishment outcomes with business growth intention. Secondly, entrepreneurs are motivated to start ventures to fulfil a need for self-realisation. Lastly, it is found that whites are more strongly motivated by the desire for financial success while blacks had higher levels of personal self-confidence.Hypothetically, the findings of this research suggested that blacks inherited the ‘life-style’ motivations while the whites are ‘comfort-zone’ motivated. This research has proved that expected financial outcome s are not as important as noneconomic concern in determining the entrepreneur’s attitude towards growth. The entrepreneurial success is not related to the growth of the firm but for intrinsic satisfaction instead; hence small firm growth should not be the only measure for the entrepreneur’s success.In another piece of research, (Utsch, Rauch, Rothfufs & Frese 1999) has investigated the rapid emergence of entrepreneurs and small firms in East Germany. During the research, the role of personality traits has been clarified and the researchers found an encouraging convergence result in two areas, namely the need for achievement and need for autonomy. In other words, entrepreneurs with high need for autonomy will be more motivated to begin small-scale business ventures and will develop the business further only if they have high need for achievement as well.In parallel to that, Lee & Tai (2010) has conducted a research to investigate the motivators and success of small busi ness in Kazakhstan. Empirical evidence has suggested the entrepreneurs are motivated to achieve financial independence and also to obtain social recognition. This is due to the fact that entrepreneurial endeavours are considered as honourable and also an upgrade on social-status activities. This theory is shows that entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan are more aligned towards the ‘comfort-zone’ characteristics.The mentioned researchers have also concluded that the success of some small firm growth is contributed by the creativity and commitment of all the entrepreneurs. From these two pieces of research, it is further confirmed that entrepreneurs have their own perceptions of success but each individual has different intrinsic motivation to achieve his or her goal, albeit from different geographic locations. Another aspect to consider on perception of entrepreneurial success should be the gender of the owner. Research shows that there are differences across entrepreneur’ s gender on perceptions of success.Male and females entrepreneurs differ in the way they measure their extrinsic and intrinsic dimensions. Previous study has verified that male entrepreneurs tend to emphasize on quantitative measures and economic values while female entrepreneurs emphasize on qualitative measures and social values (Justo, Cruz, de Castro & Coduras 2006). Hypothetically, male entrepreneurs describe success in term of achieving goals while female entrepreneurs define success in terms of doing something fulfilling. The research has also iscovered that the motivation for business success is moderated by the parental status of the entrepreneur. Female entrepreneurs are more motivated venturing into self-employment if they have dependent children under their care and perceived success when they are able to fulfil the need of independence. This hypothesis has been confirmed by Ahmad (2011) when he conducted a research on female entrepreneurs in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this piece of research, female entrepreneurship has proved to be influenced by the female entrepreneur wanting to spend more quality family time.For these female entrepreneurs, the perception of success was when the desire for autonomy, independence, self-fulfilment and wealth has been achieved. In short, the gender status of the entrepreneur significantly impact on the perceptions of entrepreneurial success where female entrepreneurs depict more on social values as success. Conclusion In conclusion, the dimensions of small firm growth and the perspectives of entrepreneurial success have been discussed to judge how true the aphorism of entrepreneurial success can only be judged by small firm growth.The different stages of business cycle have been identified and the growth of the business occurs in almost all the phases in the five stages of small firm growth in their own way. Growth is included in many aspects, such as growth of the idea, or the growing numbers of customers, or gene rating more returns from the business. Generally, the measurement of growth is mainly based on quantitative values such as employment rate, business sales and profitability among other yardsticks. However, research shows that small firm growth could not be measured on financial and economical terms only.The rate of employment becomes insignificant as the business can grow without hiring any new employees, while sales do not account for the first couple stages of the business cycle and there might be owners who deviate from the main product or service line. Research has also shown that there are no relationship between profitability and growth. Therefore, the entrepreneur’s perception of success should be moderated to measure small firm success. Three types of small firm owner’s characteristics has been identified, namely the ‘life-style’, ‘comfort-zone’ and ‘growth’.From the few pieces of research that has been examined, most of t he entrepreneurs are found to be ‘life-style’ and ‘comfort-zone’ and rarely the ideal ‘growth’ motivated characteristics. The gender of the entrepreneur will also affect the measuring manner of small firm growth success. Each attribute shows the willingness and capability of each owner to further grow their business. Hence, the entrepreneur’s intrinsic motivation plays a vital role in judging and predicting the small firm success.In this context, the intrinsic motivations are such as the need for achievement, autonomy and self-realisation are more important than business growth intentions. In a nutshell, it can be concluded that small firm growth can be a way to measure entrepreneurial success, but it should be based on the standard or level that the entrepreneur has placed emphasis on instead of strictly on monetary values only. REFERENCES Ahmad, SZ 2011, ‘Evidence of the characteristics of women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Sa udi Arabia’, International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 123-143.Bridge, S, O’Neill, K & Martin, F 2009, Understanding enterprise: entrepreneurship and small business, 3rd edn, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire. Davidsson, P, Achtenhagen, L & Naldi, L 2005, ‘Research on small firm growth: a review’, 35th EISB Conference, Barcelona. Durguner, S & Katchova, AL 2009, ‘Measure of small business financial performance from a lender and a borrower perspective’, The Business Review, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 24. Edelman, LF, Brush, CG, Manolova, TS & Greene, PG 2010, ‘Start-up motivations and growth intentions of minority nascent entrepreneurs’, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 174. Fitzsimmons, JR, Steffens, PR & Douglas, EJ 2005, ‘Growth and profitability in small and medium sized Australian firms’, AGSE Entrepreneurship Exchange, Melbourne. Geneste, L & Weber, P 2011, ‘Relatin g small business growth with success: some findings from the 2008 Western Australian small business benchmarks survey’, 8th AGSE International Entrepreneurship Research Exchange, Melbourne. Hart, PE 2000, ‘Theories of firms’ growth and the generation of jobs’, Review of Industrial Organization, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 229.Helms, MM & Renfrow TW 1994, ‘Expansionary process of the small business: a life cycle profile’, Management Decision, vol. 32, no. 9, p. 43. Hupalo, PI, TiE Islamabad, 2012, ‘Measuring success in small business and entrepreneurship’, TiE Islamabad, 12 October 2012,< https://islamabad. tie. org/article/24/measuring-success-small-business-and-entrepreneurship>. Justo, R, Cruz, C, de Castro, J & Coduras, A 2006, ‘Entrepreneurs’ perception of success: examining differences across gender and family status’, IE working paper, Instituto de Empresa Business School.Lee, JW & Tai SW 2010, ‘Motivators a nd inhibators of entrepreneurship and small business development in Kazakhstan’, World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, vol. 6, no, p. 61. Morrison, A, Breen, J & Ali, S 2003, ‘Small business growth: intention, ability and opportunity’, Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 41, no. 4, p. 417. Mukherjee, TK 1992, ‘Financing the three stages of the small business cycle: a survey’, Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 33.Papadanki, E & Chami, B, Industry Canada, 2012, ‘Growth determinants of micro-business in Canada’, Government of Canada Publications Ottawa, ON, viewed 12 October 2012, . Reijonen, H & Komppula R 2007, ‘Perception of success and its effect on small firm performance’, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 689-701. Robbins, DK, Pantuosco, LJ, Parker, DF & Fuller, BK 2000, ‘An empirical assessment of contribut ion of small business employment to U.S. state economic performance’, Small Business Economics, vol. 15, no. 4, p. 293. Robbins, SP, Judge, TA, Millet, B & Boyle, M 2011, Organisational Behaviour, 6th end, Pearson Australia, French Forest, NSW. Roper, Stephen 2012, Entrepreneurship : a global perspective, Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY. Utsch, A, Rauch, A, Rothfus,R & Frese, M 1999, ‘Who becomes a small scale entrepreneur in a post-socialist environment: on the differences between entrepreneurs and managers in East Germany’, Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 37, no. 3, p. 31.

Hospitality Management Essay

Reflecting from my management shift, restaurant manager has many different kinds of important tasks and responsibilities in the restaurant. Restaurant manager plays an important role in the hospitality and food and beverage department as they can motivate the staff and maintain the high quality service which will help the business run successfully. Manager can provide appropriate ambiance in the restaurant which will provide warm and comfortable environment for the customer. Waiter station and dividing sections of tables should be fully allocated before the start of service shift which starts 10:00AM. After that, checking staff’s five equipment (waiters friend, lighter, handkerchief, pen and note pad), and their grooming (hair, ironing uniform, socks, belt and name badge). In the first briefing time, restaurant manager has to explain required table-set up and finding any problem such as students who are absent. When I was restaurant manager, one waiter called in sick so I had to rearrange the table booking slots to make it fit 12 waiters instead of 13. This can make the service flow more efficiently. If I left the booking slots thee way they were, waiters would have needed to pick up tables in 10 minute gap. A manager should manage and check every time whether staff are doing the right thing. After food briefing, manager should check that all staff are familiar with the menu and kitchen abbreviations as well as the price for each dish. Thus, restaurant manager should lead their team smoothly and know all situation and happening in restaurant including kitchen as well. (Food & Beverage Work Book, Feb 2013) Before doing the restaurant manager shift, I had confidence in myself because I prepared the table time slot sheet, linen order and table and station allocation the night before my shift. But once the service started, unexpected accidents happened such as waiter calling in sick. Also, because it was Thursday and nearly towards assessment night for many people, most of the staff was very tense and unmotivated. Trying to motivate the staff to work faster and efficiently was uneasy at first but I still liked having the responsibility and doing important roles that are unlike to the normal waiting staff, I believed I learned a lot of new knowledge and management skills. I also can confidently say if I become restaurant manager again I would be better than before. Effective duty allocation Restaurant manager: Joanne Suh Host: Pearl Douglas Role: Prepare butter, Prepare silver service cutlery and waiter clothes, Make sure the menu is correct and printed, Welcome the guests arrival, Book reservation for lunch and dinner service for guests. Cashier: Lucy Payne Role: Allocate waiter dockets, record the food and beverage orders on computer for each table and prepare the bill for each table, total and fill up the cash-up sheet and record any alcohol docket received each night. When it is signed by the lecturer, put the money envelop to front office. Room service: Jay Lee Role: Collect the sick list from front office, Prepare tray for room service, take room service order, deliver the food to the rooms, collect the tray back once the food is finished (Usually after 1 hour) which will be placed on the corridor. Bar team leader: Olivia Ann Role: Prepare the mocktail and cocktail of the day, make sure bar, coffee station, water jug, wine service and waiting area and linens are set up and ready for service. Provide drink to order during service including hot beverage. Come early in the morning 6:30am to order butter and milk and other needed items and order linens and others that need time to recover the night before the shift. Bar assistant: Dana Button Role: Help the Bar Team Leader set up the bar, coffee station, waiting area, water jug, and wine service. Provide the drink to order during service. Listen and follow the bar team leader’s instructions. Barista : Make hot beverages when you receive the order from the guest. Prepare the coffee work station neatly and correctly before service shift starts. Help and follow the bar team leader’s instructions when there are no orders. (Usually start of the shift. ) Staff meal: Guy Sinclair, Lit Wang Role: Prepare Breakfast, Take staff meal orders for service and management team, Set up staff meal, Clean up Taranaki Restaurant after shift. Help in the La Vista Restaurant when the jobs are finished. Waiter: Chloe Wang, Abbey Bowater, Noriko Fuji, Shannon Rochford, Marlee Mclaughlan, Nhung Tran, Ginger(Shanshan) Yong, Cindy (Xinshi) Yang, Chris (Trung Toan) Le, James Pitisopa, Hayden Woodbury, Krill This is the list for all staffs that had been worked in my team. Absent : Savneet Singh 2. 2Explain whether you think the allocation of the duties and tasks were helpful or destructive for the team and give your reasons why. I prepared most of the jobs that I should do on my management shift but what I had missed out on was plan what the â€Å"staff† should be doing on their service shift. I had to plan out which person will be doing which task on the spot. This has resulted me giving people jobs that they are not the best at. For example giving the vacuum job to a weak female staff. Also as the staff were allocated jobs that they do not like, they refused to do the jobs I ordered them to do or made excuses to do them later. This has slowed down the cleaning time of service. But because we were already in our 8th week of operation, most of the staff were already capable of doing jobs themselves without being told to do them. We finished a little later than my expected time at lunch shift which was 2:30pm. We finished at 2:40pm. This was due to customers dining in for a long time. We had three tables of industry placement interviewers. Delegation 3. 1 Making decision For the making decision, when I organised table planning I gave three tables for most people and four tables for a couple of people due to absent waiter on the floor. There were some tables already set up from the last dinner shift so I tried to allocate one set up table for each waiter to make them prepare and set up tables quicker and fair. Also I allocated the staff meal waiters to help the floor waiters when they finished preparing for staff meal to speed up the process and we can open the restaurant on time. Explain whether you think this was effective. Think about the theory. What could be done differently? When I allocated the jobs I asked people in a polite way with a soft tone of voice so the staff do not get to tense about the jobs that they have to do. I tried to be fair for example if someone did a hard job such as vacuuming La vista, I made them do an easy job afterwards like taking menu papers out from the menu. I also thanked the staff and especially the staff members who worked harder than others to acknowledge them their work. Overall I think my theory has worked out better than ordering them harshly what to do as it was my first time being the restaurant manager and staff are not used to it they might think it too personal if I order them to do jobs in a harsh way. But I think giving more volume to my voice and seriousness at time to time would have made the staff actually listen and do the jobs I allocated them efficiently. 3. 3 Identify shift outcomes and tasks. Describe how you achieved the outcomes required in this role. It very nice outcome after shift because I went to talk around with all customers. They told me that service was very good there were only few complaints about the food taste which the service team cannot control. Overall cleaning up was a little slow for lunch but everyone picked themselves up and dinner shift flowed through a lot faster than lunch. The staff members worked hard for both service and cleaning even though many staff members were stressed about the assessment week coming up and tired. I thank all the staff members and I think my first time being the restaurant manager, I did exceptionally well. Managing conflict 4. 1 Was there any conflict or disagreement in your team? Yes, between me and my bar team leader. Because bar team leader is also a type of manager as well as they manage the bar, I should have treated the bar team leader more like a manager and different from the floor staff but instead I ordered the bar team leader to do some jobs in the bar and that had made the bar team leader unpleased as the bar team leader obviously knew what sort of jobs needed to be done. But because I am still the restaurant manager for that day, I believe I had my part and reason to say the things I have said to the bar team leader. I didn’t want to make too much of a big fuss about this matter as whether or not there are customers in the restaurant it is still a working environment and restaurant manager should behave and look professional at all times or else staff and customers will look down on both me and the bar team leader. If yes, what was done to resolve this conflict? If not, why not? I resolved this problem by pretending to not hear anything that the bar team leader said behind my back. Because I thought if the bar team leader realise that I heard our relationship will become awkward. There was also dinner shift left and I really didn’t want to make any big deal out of this matter so I just pretended I heard nothing. This was a good resolution because afterwards she worked really hard and was a great bar team leader which made the service run more smoothly which was good for everyone and the restaurant possible. But later I talked in the briefing that if the restaurant manager tell you to do something do not ignore them or refuse and treat the managers like a real manager in a work place. 4. 2 What are some other options for dealing with the same situation? I believe motivating the staff and complimenting when the staffs finish their jobs can make the staff more willing to work and follow my orders. More motivated staff can give happy energy vibe to the workplace which will be transferred to the customer which will give warmer ambiance in the restaurant. 4. 3 Would you do thing differently next time you need to work with a team? For the next time that I have to work in a team, I would try to improve myself on delegating staff. I will make sure that everything in the restaurant such as preparations and second plans for times when something goes wrong again so I have a backup plan which will make me panic less. Also next time I will plan the job allocations for cleaning and preparations before service to be more efficient with time management as a manager. 5. 1 Identify a challenge or problem that occurred during your management shift. The biggest challenge I had faced was I had one waiter absent and I had 13 slots on my booking sheet that was made and finished last dinner shift. Waiters are supposed to serve each table with 20 minute gap. This made me very busy until the last minute of service and waiters were confused as their time for booking was all changed. It also confused both the waiters on floor and the management team. 5. 2 What was your response to this challenge? After ii had found out that one waiter on floor will not show up for service, I fixed the booking sheet and made the time slot 12 instead of 13. I put tables of two people together and called rooms to move the tables to a later time to make sure each waiter received 20 minute gap between each table so they had enough time to manage their tables on time efficiently. I had to reallocate some tables and stations to distribute the absent waiter’s tables and informed the staff. 5. 3 Analyse whether your reaction/response was effective and identify what you would do differently (if anything). I think in terms with the time I had, my decision was the most effective decision that was possible and best for my staff as well. If I gave tables in 10 minute break the staff will be more stressed about their time management and make mistakes on their sequence of service and have delays which will also be unpleasing to the customers as well. If I could change one thing I would make extra booking sheets for 11 waiters and 12 waiters even though I have 13 just to make sure and be safe. 5. 4 Have you identified any skills where you need to improve? What skill do you need to improve? I think I need to improve on leadership skills as I am not good at giving people commands and orders. Asking nicely could result staff refusing to follow my request. Also leading the team well so the staff are not lost and can reply on the manger is the kind of skill I need to improve on as well. Learning about yourself 6. 2What were your strengths leading the team? Figuring out solutions and making the service run fast and efficient as well as making the staff feel comfortable is my strengths in terms of leading the team. Because I found my way through problems fast and prepared for the service well, the staff trusted me and had felt comfortable. Even with extra barriers I still managed to make service flow fast. 6. 3Have you identified any areas where you need to improve? What areas do you need to improve? I think I need to improve how to be a good leader because I don’t think I have that quality just yet when I was a restaurant manager, Also I want to improve my eight management skill such as leadership, flexibility, adaptability, inventory management, conflict resolution, ability to work under to pressure, ability to multi-task, and organization skill. To be a successful manager, I need to improve all of this skill and learn from the mistake that I had got to achieve in the future. 6. 4Identify what remedial strategies you will put in place to develop the areas that are identified above. The eight management skill: leadership, flexibility, adaptability, inventory management, conflict resolution, ability to work under pressure, ability to multi-task, and organization skill and comunication. Statistic data At lunch shift, we had 126 customers coming to dine and our total food revenue was $1,962 and total beverage revenue was $2194 Hence, our average food check is $15.6 per person. It means that we sold entree and main food more than one person, which is good but it is not so good. Our team needed upselling skills at this moment. Thus, Total revenue should be $ but we received money only $ which means we lost $. The reason why this happen was that students did not pay properly and just left without paying, but it is very serious problem in real world and somebody should be to blame. That would be restaurant manager. Hence, I think that the statistic data show us how much money we make and can find the problems such as money stolen or not.